The Anglican position on the use of contraception changed dramatically in the twentieth century and, argues Dennis P. Hollinger, without much theological reflection. Much of the Protestant world followed suit, in contrast to the Roman Catholic Church which dug their heels in.
The December 2013 issue of JETS carries an essay by Dennis Hollinger which seeks to provide the theological rationale for the use of contraceptions and it is available as a pdf file here.
UPDATE: W. Ross Blackburn offers "Sex and Fullness: A Rejoinder to Dennis Hollinger on Contraception," in the March 2015 issue of JETS which is available as a pdf file here.
